引言这本书中所讨论的大部分方法都是为了使学生运用目的语交际。这章阐述的是交际法赞成者的观点。他们在承认词汇和结构重要性的同时,认为学生仅仅是懂得语言规则是不可能自如地运用语言来交际的。当我们进行交际时,我们使用语言是为了完成这样一些功能,例如:辩论、劝导或者应允。然而,这些功能是在一定的社会背景下发挥的。一个说话者需要选择一个适当的方法来表达他的观点,这不仅要以他的目的和情感作为基础,而且要考虑说话者对方及说话者与听话者的关系。另外,交际是一个过程,学生仅仅掌握目的语的形式意思和功能的知识是不够的,学生必须能够把这些知识运用到有意义的交际中去。只有通过说话者和听话者(作者和读者)之间的相互交流,语义才能明了。听 Introduction Most of the methods discussed in this book are designed to enable students to use the target language to communicate. This chapter addresses the views of those who agree with the communicative approach. While recognizing the importance of vocabulary and structure, they think that it is impossible for students to use language only to understand the rules of language. When we communicate, we use language to accomplish such functions as debating, persuading, or responding. However, these functions are played in a certain social context. A speaker needs to choose an appropriate way to express his or her opinion, not only on his purpose and emotion, but also on the relationship between the speaker and the speaker and the hearer. In addition, communication is a process in which it is not enough for students to master only the formal meaning and function of the target language. Students must be able to apply this knowledge to meaningful communication. Only through the mutual communication between the speaker and the hearer (author and reader) can the semanteme be clear. listen