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言语社区是研究语言变体的重要场所。以城市言语社区为基础进行抽样调查是从微观社会语言学角度出发研究语言变体的有效方式。近年来新兴称谓变体不断出现在城市言语社区中,并在城市言语社区中传播和发展。其传播和接受程度反映了社区居民在语言接受与使用中的一些特点和规律。本文以言语社区理论为指导,以近几年来流行的称谓变体“亲”为例进行了社会语言学调查,发现新兴称谓变体是基础词意泛化和称谓语缺位共同作用的结果;城市言语社区对新兴称谓变体的使用和接受具有群体一致和认同的特点,但同时也存在典型差异。
Speech communities are important places to study language variations. A sample survey based on urban speech communities is an effective way to study language variations from the perspective of microcosmic social linguistics. Emerging appellations in recent years continue to appear in the urban speech community, and spread in the urban speech community and development. The extent of its spread and acceptance reflects some characteristics and laws of community residents in language acceptance and use. Guided by the Theory of Verbal Community, this paper carries out a sociolinguistic survey with the popular variant of appellation “pro ” in recent years and finds that the emerging appellation variant is the result of the common action of generalization of terms and appellations . The urban speech community has the characteristics of group consensus and acceptance of the use and acceptance of emerging appellation variants, but there are also typical differences.