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The Moussem Herders Assembly of Tan-Tan
The Moussem in Tan-Tan is a Sahara Herders Assembly held every year in the southwest part of Morocco， and more than 30 tribes from south Morocco and other hordes from northwest Africa would come together here to take part in this great event.
At first， it was just a spontaneous and regular herders party and in one week in May every year. From 1963， it applied the form of Moussem （an annual Assembly combining economy， culture and society） and for the first time organized “the Moussem in Tan-Tan”， for promoting traditional exchanges in regions and making it a place for exchanging goods， meeting friends and holding ceremonies. It is said that Moussem was first related to Moulaye Laghdaf， who fought against the occupation of France and Spain and died in 1960. His cemetery is near this town. During 1979 to 2004， due to security issues， there haven’t held Moussem Assembly here. Now the new Moussem Assembly is held in September every year and is an important one of friends’ gathering， goods transaction， cultural exchange and Berber traditional skills protection and also an important festival in this area.
坦坦的木赛姆是在摩洛哥西南地区举办的一年一度的撒哈拉牧民大会，摩洛哥南部的30多个部落和来自西北非洲的其它游牧民族会聚集而来参加这一盛会。
起初，这只是个自发和定期的牧民聚会，时间在每年五月间的某一周。从1963年起，大会采用了木赛姆形式（集经济、文化和社会于一体的年度集会），第一次组织了“坦坦地区的木赛姆”，用以推进地区传统的交流，使它成为一个交换物品、会见朋友和举行庆典的场所。木赛姆据说最初与穆罕默德·拉格达夫有关，他反抗法国和西班牙的占领，死于1960年，墓地位于该镇附近。1979至2004年间，由于安全问题，这里没有举办木赛姆大会。如今新型的木赛姆大会于每年九月举行，是一个集朋友聚会、商品交易、文化交流和保护传承柏柏尔族人文化传统技能于一身的重要集会，现已成为该地区的一项重要的节庆日。
In September， the annual Moussem Assembly will open. During this important festival， many farmers， peddlers and seasonal moved herders will gather here in splendid clothes for it. In the open fields， there are similar temporary tents built by families regularly， which are the places for goods transaction and exchange and also where they have rest. It is a great event of profound national features. Firstly， men in white robe hold hand drum and clap hands singing Islamic Holy Book; secondly， the parade of women and participants demonstrates the official beginning of the assembly. In history camels and horses are important transportation tools for Berbers and Arabs. The organizers collect many horses and camels fed by lots of tribes and make them do horse race and camel race with outstanding national features and reward winners. It is also a great event for cultural inheritance that it includes a series of shows， like music show， singing and poetry competition and other oral traditions and games. Some even use this assembly to hold wedding ceremony. It is more like a grand trade fair. People buy， sell and exchange needed goods and foods for production and living. Skilled craftsmen make and repair metal tools for people and senior pharmacist let people inquire and consult there， and there are carrier pigeon competition and exchange. In 2005， the Moussem Herders Assembly in Tan-Tan applied by Morocco was listed in the human oral and non-material cultural heritage.
每当九月份时，一年一度的木赛姆牧民大会便拉开序幕。在这个重要的节庆日子里，无数的农户和商贩以及随季节游牧的牧民们穿着特别为节日准备的盛装汇聚在这里。在空旷的场地上，各家各户有规则的搭建起临时的几乎相同的帐篷，这既是他们在大会期间进行商品交易和交换的场所，也是他们休息睡觉的地方。这是一场具有浓厚民族特点的盛会。首先有身着洁白礼袍的男人手捧手鼓和击掌膜拜咏唱伊斯兰圣经，其次是妇女和参会者的游行，这代表着大会正式开始。历史上骆驼和马是柏柏尔人、阿拉伯人的重要交通运输工具，大会的组织者们集合了众多部落饲养的马匹、骆驼，让他们进行有着鲜明民族特性的赛马、赛骆驼比赛，并给优胜者以奖励。这也是一场文化传承的盛会，木赛姆大会还包含有一系列的演出，如音乐表演、歌唱、赋诗比赛，以及其他哈赛尼口头传统和游戏。也有借这场盛会举办结婚庆典的。这更像是一场隆重的商品交易会，在木赛姆大会上人们买卖、交换着自己所需要的生产生活用品及食品，有手艺精湛的工匠为有需要的人们制作和修补金属工具，有资深的药师为人们提供问诊和咨询服务，还有信鸽的比赛和买卖交换。
2005年，摩洛哥申报的坦坦地区的木赛姆牧民大会被联合国教科文组织批准列入人类口头和非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
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Morocco is monarchy country at the northwest part of Africa. Its east part borders with Algeria， the actual controlled Western Sahara at the south part borders with Mauritania， west part is near the Atlantic Ocean and north part faces Portugal and Spain crossing the strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. Tan-Tan is a province at southwest of Morocco and borders Western Sahara and Algeria with an area of 29，000 square kilometers and the capital is the City of Tan-Tan. The residents here are mainly Berbers.
摩洛哥，是非洲西北部君主制国家。其东部与阿尔及利亚接壤，南部其实际控制的西撒哈拉地区与毛里塔尼亚紧邻，西部滨临大西洋，并向北隔直布罗陀海峡和地中海与葡萄牙、西班牙相望。坦坦则是摩洛哥西南部的一个省，与西撒哈拉和阿尔及利亚接壤，面积约29，000平方公里，首府坦坦市。该地区居民多为柏柏尔人。
Berber is an old nation in Africa. When Aras came to North Africa in the 7th century， they started to believe Islam and accepted Arabian culture. Through the development of decades of centuries， most Berbers accepted Islam and Arabian culture and became one of the Muslims. The economic and living ways of Berbers are not unified now that， some are settlers based on agriculture and some are herders or semi-herders based on animal husbandry. In fact， Berber is not a single nation and it is a joint name for tribal people with similarities in culture， politics and economic life. Today， Berbers are mainly living at the south part of the country and the population is 8 million. They basically maintain their original language and culture and once had advanced handicrafts like pottery making and weaving.
柏柏尔人是非洲较古老的民族，7世纪阿拉伯人进入北非后，开始信奉伊斯兰教，接受阿拉伯文化。经过十几个世纪的发展变化，大部分柏柏尔人都接受了伊斯兰教和阿拉伯文化，而成为穆斯林民族之一。柏柏尔人的经济生活方式现已不统一，有的是以农业为主的定居民，有的则是以畜牧业为主的游牧民或半游牧民。实际上柏柏尔人并不是一个单一的民族，它是众多在文化、政治和经济生活相似的部落族人的统称。今天柏柏尔人主要居住在摩洛哥的南部，有约800万柏柏尔人。基本保持了他们原来的语言和文化，曾有过制陶、编织等较发达的手工业。
The Moussem in Tan-Tan is a Sahara Herders Assembly held every year in the southwest part of Morocco， and more than 30 tribes from south Morocco and other hordes from northwest Africa would come together here to take part in this great event.
At first， it was just a spontaneous and regular herders party and in one week in May every year. From 1963， it applied the form of Moussem （an annual Assembly combining economy， culture and society） and for the first time organized “the Moussem in Tan-Tan”， for promoting traditional exchanges in regions and making it a place for exchanging goods， meeting friends and holding ceremonies. It is said that Moussem was first related to Moulaye Laghdaf， who fought against the occupation of France and Spain and died in 1960. His cemetery is near this town. During 1979 to 2004， due to security issues， there haven’t held Moussem Assembly here. Now the new Moussem Assembly is held in September every year and is an important one of friends’ gathering， goods transaction， cultural exchange and Berber traditional skills protection and also an important festival in this area.
坦坦的木赛姆是在摩洛哥西南地区举办的一年一度的撒哈拉牧民大会，摩洛哥南部的30多个部落和来自西北非洲的其它游牧民族会聚集而来参加这一盛会。
起初，这只是个自发和定期的牧民聚会，时间在每年五月间的某一周。从1963年起，大会采用了木赛姆形式（集经济、文化和社会于一体的年度集会），第一次组织了“坦坦地区的木赛姆”，用以推进地区传统的交流，使它成为一个交换物品、会见朋友和举行庆典的场所。木赛姆据说最初与穆罕默德·拉格达夫有关，他反抗法国和西班牙的占领，死于1960年，墓地位于该镇附近。1979至2004年间，由于安全问题，这里没有举办木赛姆大会。如今新型的木赛姆大会于每年九月举行，是一个集朋友聚会、商品交易、文化交流和保护传承柏柏尔族人文化传统技能于一身的重要集会，现已成为该地区的一项重要的节庆日。
In September， the annual Moussem Assembly will open. During this important festival， many farmers， peddlers and seasonal moved herders will gather here in splendid clothes for it. In the open fields， there are similar temporary tents built by families regularly， which are the places for goods transaction and exchange and also where they have rest. It is a great event of profound national features. Firstly， men in white robe hold hand drum and clap hands singing Islamic Holy Book; secondly， the parade of women and participants demonstrates the official beginning of the assembly. In history camels and horses are important transportation tools for Berbers and Arabs. The organizers collect many horses and camels fed by lots of tribes and make them do horse race and camel race with outstanding national features and reward winners. It is also a great event for cultural inheritance that it includes a series of shows， like music show， singing and poetry competition and other oral traditions and games. Some even use this assembly to hold wedding ceremony. It is more like a grand trade fair. People buy， sell and exchange needed goods and foods for production and living. Skilled craftsmen make and repair metal tools for people and senior pharmacist let people inquire and consult there， and there are carrier pigeon competition and exchange. In 2005， the Moussem Herders Assembly in Tan-Tan applied by Morocco was listed in the human oral and non-material cultural heritage.
每当九月份时，一年一度的木赛姆牧民大会便拉开序幕。在这个重要的节庆日子里，无数的农户和商贩以及随季节游牧的牧民们穿着特别为节日准备的盛装汇聚在这里。在空旷的场地上，各家各户有规则的搭建起临时的几乎相同的帐篷，这既是他们在大会期间进行商品交易和交换的场所，也是他们休息睡觉的地方。这是一场具有浓厚民族特点的盛会。首先有身着洁白礼袍的男人手捧手鼓和击掌膜拜咏唱伊斯兰圣经，其次是妇女和参会者的游行，这代表着大会正式开始。历史上骆驼和马是柏柏尔人、阿拉伯人的重要交通运输工具，大会的组织者们集合了众多部落饲养的马匹、骆驼，让他们进行有着鲜明民族特性的赛马、赛骆驼比赛，并给优胜者以奖励。这也是一场文化传承的盛会，木赛姆大会还包含有一系列的演出，如音乐表演、歌唱、赋诗比赛，以及其他哈赛尼口头传统和游戏。也有借这场盛会举办结婚庆典的。这更像是一场隆重的商品交易会，在木赛姆大会上人们买卖、交换着自己所需要的生产生活用品及食品，有手艺精湛的工匠为有需要的人们制作和修补金属工具，有资深的药师为人们提供问诊和咨询服务，还有信鸽的比赛和买卖交换。
2005年，摩洛哥申报的坦坦地区的木赛姆牧民大会被联合国教科文组织批准列入人类口头和非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
Links：
链接：
Morocco is monarchy country at the northwest part of Africa. Its east part borders with Algeria， the actual controlled Western Sahara at the south part borders with Mauritania， west part is near the Atlantic Ocean and north part faces Portugal and Spain crossing the strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. Tan-Tan is a province at southwest of Morocco and borders Western Sahara and Algeria with an area of 29，000 square kilometers and the capital is the City of Tan-Tan. The residents here are mainly Berbers.
摩洛哥，是非洲西北部君主制国家。其东部与阿尔及利亚接壤，南部其实际控制的西撒哈拉地区与毛里塔尼亚紧邻，西部滨临大西洋，并向北隔直布罗陀海峡和地中海与葡萄牙、西班牙相望。坦坦则是摩洛哥西南部的一个省，与西撒哈拉和阿尔及利亚接壤，面积约29，000平方公里，首府坦坦市。该地区居民多为柏柏尔人。
Berber is an old nation in Africa. When Aras came to North Africa in the 7th century， they started to believe Islam and accepted Arabian culture. Through the development of decades of centuries， most Berbers accepted Islam and Arabian culture and became one of the Muslims. The economic and living ways of Berbers are not unified now that， some are settlers based on agriculture and some are herders or semi-herders based on animal husbandry. In fact， Berber is not a single nation and it is a joint name for tribal people with similarities in culture， politics and economic life. Today， Berbers are mainly living at the south part of the country and the population is 8 million. They basically maintain their original language and culture and once had advanced handicrafts like pottery making and weaving.
柏柏尔人是非洲较古老的民族，7世纪阿拉伯人进入北非后，开始信奉伊斯兰教，接受阿拉伯文化。经过十几个世纪的发展变化，大部分柏柏尔人都接受了伊斯兰教和阿拉伯文化，而成为穆斯林民族之一。柏柏尔人的经济生活方式现已不统一，有的是以农业为主的定居民，有的则是以畜牧业为主的游牧民或半游牧民。实际上柏柏尔人并不是一个单一的民族，它是众多在文化、政治和经济生活相似的部落族人的统称。今天柏柏尔人主要居住在摩洛哥的南部，有约800万柏柏尔人。基本保持了他们原来的语言和文化，曾有过制陶、编织等较发达的手工业。