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1997年年初,克隆羊“多莉”的诞生把整个世界搅得沸沸扬扬。 除伦理学家外,生物多样性保护专家也在担忧:现代生物技术会给生物安全带来潜在威胁。 现代生物技术包括重组DNA(rDNA),单克隆抗体以及新的细胞和组织培养技术。 由于某些生物体先天缺少某个基因片段,而产生出一些特异性状,于是可通过人工将其加以修补、重组。也可将某类生物体性状强的基因片段转移到另外一类生物体上,以增加这种性状。比如,培育作物新品种,为了增强其抗病害的能力,就可以通过转基因技术将其他作物中的具有抗病害能力的基因片段转移到新品种上便可达到目的。目前许多国家已种植转基因作物,从而
In early 1997, the birth of the cloned sheep “Dolly” stirred up the whole world. Apart from ethicists, biodiversity conservation experts are also worried that modern biotechnology will pose a potential threat to biosafety. Modern biotechnology includes recombinant DNA (rDNA), monoclonal antibodies, and new cell and tissue culture technologies. Because some organisms are inherently deficient in a certain gene fragment, and produce some specific traits, so they can be artificially repaired and reorganized. It is also possible to transfer a segment of a gene of some biological trait to another organism in order to increase this trait. For example, to breed new varieties of crops, in order to enhance their resistance to disease, genetically modified techniques can be used to transfer genetically modified segments of genes from other crops to new breeds. At present, many countries have planted genetically modified crops, thus