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由于一些表面消毒或灭菌常常采用高温（饱和蒸汽或干热）的方法会破坏热敏材料的物体，而化学消毒剂在使用上也有如毒性、腐蚀性及作用时间长等缺点，因此，人们一直在寻找、研究能避免上述因素限制的更迅速、更便宜的消毒方法。自１９１７年法国物理学家Ｌａｎｇｅｖｉｎ成功?
Because some surface disinfection or sterilization often use high temperature (saturated steam or dry heat) will destroy the object of thermal materials, and chemical disinfectant in the use of such as toxicity, corrosive and the role of long time and other shortcomings, therefore, people It has been searching for more rapid and cheaper methods of disinfection to avoid the above limitations. Since 1917 the French physicist Langevin succeeded?