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当代政治学关于国家建设的研究多从国家权力的集中、理性官僚制构造等自上而下的视角出发,大多忽略了现代国家制度发展的另一维度即代表制的生成与演化。代表制是中世纪到近代欧洲政治史的重要线索,其间也经历了从等级代表制到代议制的关键转型。早期等级代表制是欧洲封建时代中后期多元政治力量平衡的结果,而近世成长为代议制则体现了现代国家社会整合的需要。西欧国家建设的经验表明,完善的强代表制是造就具备高效治理能力强国家的关键柱石。
Most contemporary political studies on state construction mostly focus on the centralization of state power and the construction of rational bureaucracy from the top-down perspective, mostly ignoring the emergence and evolution of another dimension of the development of the modern state system, that is, representation. Representation is an important clue to the political history of Europe from the Middle Ages to modern Europe. During this period, the representative system also underwent a crucial transition from the hierarchical representation to the representative one. Early hierarchical representation was the result of the balance of pluralistic political forces in the late feudal period in Europe, and the recent growth of the representative system reflected the need of social integration in modern countries. Experiences from the construction of Western European countries show that a sound system of strong representation is the key to creating a country with an efficient governance capacity.