目的分析甘肃安定区智力低下病残儿主要致残原因,提出预防智力低下的有效措施。方法在第二代残疾人证换发期间,对甘肃省安定区智力低下病残儿进行智力鉴定。抽样方法、智力低下标准、诊断和评定方法均参照第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中相关调查方法及标准。结果调查对象共计404例,其中18岁以下133人占33.01%;其中按性别分布男性89人(占66.92%),女性44人(占33.08%);按居住地分布农村调查对象109人(81.95%),城镇调查对象24人(18.05%);按病因是否明确分布,病因明确88例(66.17%),病因不清45例(33.83%),其中先天及产前因素占24.81%,产时因素占20.30%,出生后因素占21.05%。结论调查对象智力低下农村患者多于城镇患者,发病均处于婴幼儿期;居前三位的病因分别是:遗传先天性发育畸形、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病和惊厥性疾病。应加强孕期卫生与营养宣教、出生前及围产期病因筛查,重视分娩及接生过程的操作等环节,提高居民健康素养,做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,提高人群健康素质。 Objective To analyze the main causes of disability in children with mental retardation in Anding District, Gansu Province and put forward effective measures to prevent mental retardation. Methods During the second-generation disabled person’s card renewal, intelligence appraisal was conducted on children with mental retardation in Anding District, Gansu Province. Sampling methods, mental retardation criteria, diagnosis and assessment methods are based on the Second National Disability Sample Survey relevant survey methods and standards. Results A total of 404 respondents were investigated, of whom 133.01 accounted for 33.01% under the age of 18; among them, 89 were males (66.92%) and 44 females (33.08%) by sex; 109 were rural residents surveyed %) And 24 (18.05%) in urban areas. Eighteen patients (66.17%) had etiology, 45 (33.83%) had unclear etiology, 24.81% had congenital and prenatal causes, Factors accounted for 20.30%, post-birth factors accounted for 21.05%. Conclusions The subjects with mental retardation in rural areas are more than those in urban areas. The incidence is in infancy. The causes of the top three diseases are genetic congenital malformation, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and convulsive diseases. Health care and nutrition should be strengthened during pregnancy, education, prenatal and perinatal etiology screening, emphasis on delivery and delivery process of operation and other links to improve residents’ health literacy, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment and improve the health quality of the population.