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近几年,国家对军工企业的技术改造采取了放宽和优先贷款的优惠政策,有人认为,投资太多了,效益也不佳。笔者就这个问题做了一点调查,现谈一点个人看法,供参考。一、生产经营情况。过去军工企业长期习惯于指令性计划、封闭性生产,任务饱满,军品产值占95%以上。自国民经济调整以来,军品产值锐减,使原有的生产能力,机器设备大量闲置过剩,新的生产手段没有形成,因而物力、财力、人力不能较好地发挥作用。主要问题是: 1、设备更新能力低,利用效率差,生产手段日趋落后,军工企业与民用企业相比较,在生产手段上具有较大的优势,但长期以来,由于军工企业重生产、轻改造,生产手段和技术能力逐渐落伍,开始出现优势不优。如宝成通用电子公司拥有固定资产5,000余万元,各种设备仪器4,000余台,而企业每年提留可用于更新设备的资金不足1%。同时,在这些设备仪器中,约有80%使用期限在25年至30年之间,设备折旧程度已经达到62%。由于更新率低,机器设备严重老化,已经影响到企业产品的更新换代和技术进步。由于军品生产的任务小,固定资产占用大,机器设备不能满负荷运载,这也
In recent years, the state has adopted preferential policies for relaxation and preferential loans for technological transformation of military industrial enterprises. Some people think that investment is too much and the efficiency is not good. The author has done a little investigation on this issue and now he has a little personal opinion for reference. First, the production and operation situation. In the past, military-industrial companies have been accustomed to mandatory plans, closed production, and full-time tasks. Military output accounts for more than 95% of production value. Since the adjustment of the national economy, the output value of military products has fallen drastically, leaving the original production capacity, a large number of machinery and equipment unused, and new production methods have not been formed. Therefore, physical, financial, and human resources cannot function well. The main problems are: 1. Low equipment renewal capability, poor utilization efficiency, and lagging production methods. Compared with civilian enterprises, military and industrial enterprises have greater advantages in production methods. However, for a long period of time, military and industrial enterprises have re-manufactured and lightly reconstructed. The production methods and technological capabilities are gradually falling behind, and they are beginning to show their superiority. For example, Baocheng General Electric Co., Ltd. owns more than 5,000 yuan in fixed assets and 4,000 sets of various equipment and instruments, and the amount of funds that companies can withdraw each year for updating equipment is less than 1%. At the same time, about 80% of these equipment and instruments have a useful life of 25 to 30 years, and the depreciation of equipment has reached 62%. Due to the low update rate and severe aging of machinery and equipment, it has affected the upgrading and technological progress of enterprise products. Due to the small task of military production, the occupation of fixed assets is large, and machinery and equipment cannot be carried at full capacity.