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为了探明我国早期(西周至春秋时期)料珠和料管的材质和制作方法,利用外束质子激发X射线荧光、X射线衍射、激光Raman光谱及扫描电子显微镜等测量技术,对河南省平顶山应国墓地出土的西周早期至春秋早期的料珠和料管进行了系统地分析研究。结果表明:西周早期的料珠是发生了晶态转变为非晶态、非晶态包裹晶态现象的硅酸镁质玉石,而西周中期至春秋早期料珠和料管系人工用较纯的石英砂添加少量青铜冶炼后的炉渣或矿渣,在低温(700～800℃)烧制而成的釉砂(石英砂,faience),是古玻璃的前身。此前一般笼统地认为中国釉砂起源于西周至春秋时期,截至目前中国釉砂最早可追溯到西周中期。
In order to find out the material and production method of the material bead and the material tube in the early period of our country (Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period), using the external beam proton excitation X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, According to the systematic analysis of the material beads and the material pipes excavated from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Early Autumn during the cemetery. The results showed that the material beads in the early Western Zhou Dynasty were the magnesian jasper which crystallized into amorphous and amorphous state, while the material and material from the middle Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Early Spring were more pure Quartz sand Add a small amount of bronze smelting slag or slag, fired at low temperature (700 ~ 800 ℃) of the enamel sand (quartz sand, faience), is the predecessor of ancient glass. Earlier generally generally believe that China originated in the Western sand glaze from the Spring and Autumn Period, up to now China can be traced back to the first half of the Western Zhou Dynasty.