结合大量土质隧道围岩破坏调研资料和室内模型试验,研究土质围岩破坏的位置和形态,以破坏位置和特点探讨了土质围岩的破坏模式,并对各破坏模式进行了定义。研究表明,土质围岩破坏模式有未支护段破坏模式、掌子面破坏模式、未支护段和掌子面同时破坏模式及不发生破坏4种;未支护段破坏模式可分为自稳破坏、进尺破坏和不破坏;未支护段自稳破坏模式主要受洞形跨度和跨高、围岩条件控制,而进尺破坏模式主要受进尺和围岩条件控制;掌子面破坏模式的破坏面可近似为对数螺旋曲面或斜平面,未支护段破坏模式的破坏面可近似为抛物线曲面,未支护段和掌子面同时破坏模式的破坏面近似为数螺旋曲面或斜平面和抛物线曲面相交。 Combined with a large number of soil tunnel surrounding rock failure research data and indoor model tests, the location and morphology of soil surrounding rock failure are studied. The damage modes of soil surrounding rock are discussed with the damage location and characteristics, and the failure modes are defined. The results show that there are four types of failure modes of soil surrounding rock: unsupported failure mode, face failure mode, unsupported section and facet failure mode and no damage. Unbreakable failure mode can be divided into self The failure modes of unsupported sections are mainly controlled by the span and the height of the caverns and the surrounding rock conditions, while the rupture modes of ruler footage are mainly controlled by the footage and surrounding rock conditions. The destructive planes Which can be approximated as a logarithmic spiral plane or an inclined plane. The failure plane of the unsupported segment failure mode can be approximated as a parabolic curve, and the failure plane of the simultaneous failure mode of the unsupported segment and the facet plane can be approximated by a number of helical or inclined planes and a parabolic curve intersect.