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在黑格尔的辩证法看来,任何事物都包含着批判、否定其自身的力量,马克思的工作就是要揭露资本主义社会秩序中本身所隐藏的批判性和否定性力量。在不同的时期马克思批判资本主义的视域并不相同,《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中尽管存在着客观唯物主义的一些线索,但居主导作用的还是人本学的批判视域;而在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思则站在历史客观事实的高度重新审视着资本主义社会秩序。“应该”与“是”的逻辑在这个时期不是绝对的断裂,而是表现出一种微妙的张力和平衡,马克思对资本主义批判的深刻性正体现在这种双重视域的有机融合之中。
To Hegel’s dialectics, everything contains criticism and denial of its own power. Marx’s job is to expose the hidden critical and negative forces hidden in the capitalist social order. In different periods, Marx’s critical sight of capitalism is not the same. Although there are some clues to objective materialism in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, German Ideology, “Marx re-examined the capitalist social order from the standpoint of historical facts. The logic of ”should“ and ”yes" is not an absolute break in this period, but shows a delicate tension and balance. The profoundness of Marx’s critique of capitalism is manifested in this dual-vision organic Fusion.