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外源性化学物质所引起的肾脏损害称为中毒性肾病或化学性肾损伤,其发病机制十分复杂,目前为止尚未完全阐明。现有的研究表明,其可能主要与氧化应激、炎症反应、凋亡或坏死、上皮间质化等过程相关。非编码RNA(non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs)是指不能翻译成蛋白质的一大类功能性RNA分子。近年来,以微小RNA(micro RNA,miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)为代表的ncRNA研究发现,其对基因表达和信号通路的转导具有非常重要的调控作用,并具有调节外源化合物代谢,影响外源性化合物的肝肾毒性等功能。现主要围绕近几年非编码RNA在外源化学物致肾脏损伤相关研究中的研究成果,探讨药物、重金属、化学毒物致肾脏损伤过程中ncRNAs的表达差异,及ncRNA在调控化学性肾损伤相关信号通路中的作用机制,并且讨论它们在诊断和治疗过程中作为潜在标志物的前景。
Kidney damage caused by exogenous chemicals called toxic nephropathy or chemical kidney injury, the pathogenesis is very complicated and has not yet been fully elucidated. Existing research shows that it may be mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis or necrosis, epithelialization and so on. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refer to a broad class of functional RNA molecules that can not be translated into proteins. In recent years, ncRNAs typified by microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have found that they play a very important regulatory role in gene expression and signal transduction , And has the function of regulating metabolism of exogenous compounds, affecting liver and kidney toxicity of exogenous compounds. Now mainly around the non-coding RNA in recent years, the study of exogenous chemical-induced renal injury related research results, to explore the drug, heavy metals, chemical poisoning of renal injury ncRNAs expression differences, and ncRNA in the regulation of chemical kidney injury-related signals Pathways, and discuss their potential as potential markers in the diagnosis and treatment.