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由于露天开采的发展,边坡的变形破坏日益增加。本文根据我国露天开采的实践,概叙了目前我国露天开采的现状,总结了露天开采工业的特点,主要是各类露天矿开采的发展极不平衡;露天矿的规模及开采深度较小及边坡的变形破坏愈来愈多。边坡的变形破坏,其基本原因在于受露天矿的各种工程地质因素的影响。露天矿的主要工程地质问题包括:矿区的地应力状态,特别是区域性地质构造应力场对露天边坡的稳定性具总体的控制作用;复杂的或比较复杂的岩体结构及岩层组合的介质结构特性,受地下开采影响的移动岩体上的露天开采问题及溶蚀岩体中的露天开采问题;以及显著影响露天坑边坡稳定性的地下水问题等。同时分析了由露天开采而引起的各种环境工程地质问题。这些对露天开采及露天矿边坡的稳定性评价具有一定的参考价值及实际意义。
Due to the development of open-pit mining, the deformation of the slope is increasing. Based on the practice of open pit mining in our country, this paper summarizes the present situation of open pit mining in our country and summarizes the characteristics of open pit mining industry. The main reason is that the development of various open pit mining is extremely unbalanced. The size and mining depth Deformation of the slope damage more and more. The basic reason for the deformation and failure of the slope is that it is affected by various engineering geological factors of the open-pit mine. The main engineering geological problems of the open-pit mine include: the state of the earth stress in the mining area, especially the regional geological tectonic stress field, which has an overall control over the stability of the open slope; the complicated or complicated medium of rock mass structure and rock formation Structural characteristics, open-pit mining problems on moving rock mass affected by underground mining and open-pit mining in dissolutional rock mass; and groundwater problems that significantly affect the stability of open pit slope. At the same time, it analyzes various environmental engineering geological problems caused by opencasting. These have certain reference value and practical significance for the stability evaluation of open pit and open pit slope.