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应用电子显微镜对正常和经受700拉德照射及给“225”后再照射的小鼠脾超微结构变化进行了观察。经辐射损伤以后,鼠脾无论是白髓或者红髓的超微结构都出现较明显的改变,其中以淋巴细胞的变化出现较早也较严重。照后7小时为损伤时相,淋巴细胞显示不同程度的变性和坏死,轻者核染质有凝集,线粒体肿胀,基质暗淡,嵴消失等变化,重者淋巴细胞的微细结构全部消失,呈现电子致密的均质样团块状结构。此外,网状细胞、浆细胞也有变化。吞噬细胞极度活跃,胞体内吞噬的内容繁多,包括整个细胞、细胞碎片、髓样结构小体、脂滴……等。照后24小时淋巴细胞的微细结构变化仍然十分显著,吞噬细胞中所含细胞碎片等亦很多,但吞噬的高峰已经过去。照后4天,部分淋巴细胞的核仁甚为著目,出现核内包涵体。网状细胞的个别线粒体有变化,大、小溶酶体著明。窦壁内皮细胞肿胀,线粒体聚集,嵴溶解并空泡化,基底膜有裸露。照后7天,呈明显的恢复征象,白髓淋巴细胞的数量和脾索的粒、红细胞灶都增多。但即使是属恢复时相的细胞,部分仍可见微细结构的变化,如线粒体的膜增厚、嵴消失等。比较了照射鼠与给“225”后再照射的两组小鼠脾超微结构的变化,发现存在着差别。给“225”组照后7小时吞噬细胞的数量和吞噬的内容物比照射对照组为多,坏死细胞的迅速被清除可为新细胞的再生准备了条件。给“225”组照后7天脾的造血细胞灶明显的优于对照组。因此,从超微结构的水平上证明了“225”对造血组织脾是有辐射防护作用的。
The changes of the ultrastructure of spleen of mice that were exposed to 700 Radian and re-irradiated after “225” were observed by electron microscope. After radiation injury, the spleen of either white pulp or red pulp showed obvious changes in the ultrastructure, of which the change of lymphocytes appeared earlier and more serious. Seven hours after irradiation, the lymphocytes showed different degrees of degeneration and necrosis. The slight nuclear chromatin was aggregated, the mitochondria were swollen, the matrix was dark and the ridges disappeared. The fine structures of lymphocytes were all disappeared, Dense homogeneous mass of massive structure. In addition, reticulocytes, plasma cells also change. Phagocytic cells are extremely active, phagocytic content of a wide range of cells, including the entire cell, cell debris, medullary structure bodies, lipid droplets ... and so on. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, the changes in the microstructure of lymphocytes are still very significant, phagocytes contain many cellular debris, but the peak of phagocytosis has passed. 4 days after irradiation, the nucleoli of some lymphocytes are very prominent, and nuclear inclusions appear. Reticulocyte individual mitochondrial changes, large and small lysosomes with bright. Sinusoidal endothelial cell swelling, mitochondria aggregation, cristae dissolved and vacuolization, the basement membrane exposed. 7 days after irradiation, showed obvious signs of recovery, the number of white pulp lymphocytes and spleen cord granulation, red blood cells are increased. But even those cells that are in the phase of recovery can still see some changes in the microstructure, such as thickening of mitochondria and disappearance of ridges. The changes in the ultrastructure of the spleen of mice irradiated with “225” and then irradiated with “225” were compared and found to be different. The number of phagocytosed cells and the phagocytosed contents were more in the 7th hour after irradiation than in the “225” group than in the irradiated control group. The rapid elimination of necrotic cells provided the conditions for the regeneration of new cells. Seven days after giving “225” group, the hematopoietic foci of spleen were obviously better than the control group. Therefore, it is demonstrated from the ultrastructure level that “225” has a radioprotective effect on the hematopoietic tissue spleen.