可持续发展概念的核心内容之一是代际公平。然而,由于环境利益享受和环境保护责任承担的背离,实现代际公平遇到了各种阻力。对此,国家应当发挥其必要作用。在法制方面,各个部门法应对涉及本领域的环境问题予以关注,实现法律的环境法化;在决策过程中,要引入生态系统服务的思考方式,对环境的价值进行充分考虑的同时,对未来环境利益的社会折现率进行合理设定,保障后代人的环境利益不受损害。然而,在当前的民主制度下,由于缺乏后代人利益的代表人,子孙后代的利益往往被忽视。为此,要重视环境组织作为后代人利益代言人的作用,保障环境保护组织能够参与到相应的政治过程和行政程序之中。为防止把当前环境破坏的代价转移给后代人,环境开发中应该充分贯彻污染者负担的原则。在涉及可能造成重大环境破坏的高风险项目时,应当对环境风险进行充分评估,防止环境风险过度转移给子孙后代。 One of the core elements of the concept of sustainable development is intergenerational equity. However, due to the divergence of environmental interests and the responsibility of environmental protection, various obstacles have been encountered in achieving intergenerational equity. In this regard, the state should play its necessary role. In the aspect of the legal system, each department law should pay attention to the environmental issues involved in this field and realize the legalization of environmental law. In the process of decision-making, it is necessary to introduce the thinking mode of ecosystem services, give full consideration to the value of the environment, The social interest rate of environmental interest should be rationally set so as to protect the environmental interests of future generations from being harmed. However, under the current democratic system, the interests of future generations are often overlooked because of the lack of representatives of the interests of future generations. To this end, we must pay attention to the role of environmental organizations as spokesmen for future generations and ensure that environmental protection organizations can participate in the corresponding political processes and administrative procedures. In order to prevent the transfer of the cost of destruction to the present environment to future generations, the principle of polluter pays should be fully implemented in environmental development. When it comes to high-risk projects that may cause major environmental damage, environmental risks should be adequately assessed to prevent excessive transfer of environmental risks to future generations.