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目的了解2011-2012年医院感染现患率及其动态变化,为改进医院感染监测方法与制定有效控制措施提供科学依据。方法采取床旁调查和病历调查相结合的方法,对2011-2012年医院感染现患率调查资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2011-2012年医院感染现患率分别为5.60%、3.94%;两年医院感染现患率最高的科室均为ICU,分别为50.00%、50.00%;医院感染部位以下呼吸道为主,分别占69.06%、44.83%;医院感染病原菌分别检出22、20株,均以革兰阴性菌为主,分别占59.09%、75.00%;革兰阳性菌分别占31.82%、10.00%;抗菌药物使用率分别为34.58%、34.11%,治疗性使用抗菌药物病原学送检率分别为54.24%、62.57%。结论开展医院感染现患率调查有助于了解医院感染基本情况及发展动态,以便针对性地加强医院感染重点科室、重点部位、重点环节目标性监测,并采取有效地控制措施降低医院感染发生率。
Objective To understand the prevalence rate and dynamic changes of nosocomial infection in 2011-2012 and to provide a scientific basis for improving the monitoring methods of nosocomial infections and establishing effective control measures. Methods A combination of bedside survey and medical records was used to analyze retrospectively the survey data of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections from 2011 to 2012. Results The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections from 2011 to 2012 were 5.60% and 3.94% respectively. The most prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in two years were all ICU, accounting for 50.00% and 50.00% respectively. The respiratory tract was the most common in nosocomial infections, accounting for 69.06% , 44.83% respectively. There were 22 and 20 strains of nosocomial infections, respectively, with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 59.09% and 75.00% respectively. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 31.82% and 10.00% respectively. 34.58% and 34.11% respectively. The etiological rates of therapeutic use of antibiotics were 54.24% and 62.57% respectively. Conclusion The investigation of prevalence rate of nosocomial infection can help understand the basic situation and development trend of nosocomial infection in order to strengthen targeted surveillance of key nosocomial infections, key sites and key links, and take effective control measures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.