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近年来,严重鼻出血,特别是鼻后部出血的病例明显增多,在处理时常较困难。目前除常用的前、后鼻腔填塞术外,国外有关文献介绍了鼻内冷冻法,经腭大孔注射法及颌内动脉结扎术等。现将有关主要文献综述如下: 【鼻内冷冻法】此法由Bluestone介绍用以控制严重鼻出血。氏先在狗鼻粘膜上作实验性严重鼻出血后(注射肝素),用普通填塞法不能止血,但用鼻内冷冻法后迅即制止了出血。治疗方法:用Minithern降温机(胃内止血用),内灌以95%酒精做制冷剂,鼻内先置一Stevens氏气囊,此囊有一塑料管与降温机相通,酒精能在气囊内循环流动而降温。开始治疗时,酒精在气囊内循环,使其膨胀及降温,温度降至-17℃～-20℃之间,并持续60分钟左右,随即停止治
In recent years, cases of severe epistaxis, especially of the rear of the nose, have been markedly increased and are often more difficult to handle. At present, in addition to the commonly used before and after nasal packing, the foreign literature describes intranasal freezing method, the method of large hole injection of the palate and the maxillary artery ligation. The main literature is now summarized as follows: [nasal freezing method] This method introduced by Bluestone to control severe epistaxis. The first in the dog nasal mucosa after experimental severe epistaxis (injection of heparin), with ordinary packing method can not stop bleeding, but with nasal cry immediately stopped bleeding. Treatment: Minithern cooling machine (stomach to stop bleeding), irrigation with 95% alcohol as a refrigerant, nasal Stevens first set a balloon, the capsule has a plastic tube and cooling machine connected to the circulation of alcohol in the balloon And cool down. At the beginning of treatment, the alcohol circulates in the balloon, causing it to swell and cool down. The temperature drops to between -17 ° C and -20 ° C and lasts about 60 minutes, stopping the treatment