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目的分析2010-2012年成都市狂犬病暴露处置门诊患者流行病学状况,为狂犬病防制提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2010-2012年成都市狂犬病暴露处置资料进行描述。结果 2010-2012年成都市共处置狂犬病暴露患者378 023例,其中Ⅱ级暴露患者占49.16%,Ⅲ级暴露患者占47.94%;5~8月间狂犬病暴露患者较多,占暴露总数的40%以上;各地的暴露分级构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=56738.50,P<0.01);就诊患者狂犬病疫苗接种率100%;Ⅲ级暴露就诊患者狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率15.26%,每年使用率差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.66,P<0.01);犬伤者占85.11%;伤人犬狂犬病疫苗总体免疫率43.78%,每年伤人犬免疫率差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.85,P<0.01)。结论2010-2012年成都市狂犬病防治工作中存在部分暴露患者未进行处置或处置不规范,伤人犬只免疫率不高等问题。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological status of outpatients exposed to rabies in Chengdu from 2010 to 2012 and provide basis for the prevention of rabies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the data of rabies exposure in Chengdu from 2010 to 2012. Results A total of 37,023 cases of rabies exposure were reported in Chengdu from 2010 to 2012, of which 49.16% were grade Ⅱ and 47.94% were grade Ⅲ, and there were more rabies exposure from May to August, accounting for 40% (Χ2 = 56738.50, P <0.01). The vaccination rate of rabies vaccination in treatment patients was 100%. The rate of rabies immunoglobulin use in patients with grade Ⅲ exposure was 15.26%, the annual utilization rate was different (Χ2 = 26.66, P <0.01). The dogs were injured accounted for 85.11%. The overall rate of rabies vaccine immunization was 43.78%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 30.85, P < 0.01). Conclusion There were some problems in rabies prevention and control work in Chengdu from 2010 to 2012, such as the partial exposure of patients was not handled or the treatment was not standardized, and the immune rate of injured dogs was not high.