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目的了解江苏省常州市低出生体重发生率并分析其危险因素。方法采用整群随机抽样方法 ,对常州市所属城市、县镇及农村各1个现场,以2006年1月1日-2008年12月31日出生的婴幼儿及其父母为调查对象。结果有效调查6 225人,其中男婴3 252人(52.24%),女婴2 973人(47.76%);低出生体重147人,发生率为2.36%;低出生体重组婴幼儿畸形率(2.04%)和死亡率(4.76%)明显高于正常体重组(0.11%,0.28%)(均P<0.001);低出生体重组与正常体重组比较,婴幼儿发生畸形与死亡的OR(95%CI)值分别为15.92(4.08~62.2)和17.80(7.15~44.4);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明,男婴低出生体重的危险因素有胎次和早产;女婴低出生体重的危险因素有胎次、早产、妊高症和人工流产。结论低出生体重是引起常州市婴幼儿发生畸形与死亡的重要危险因素之一,胎次、早产、妊高症及人工流产是低出生体重的重要危险因素;而妊高症、人工流产对女婴低出生体重影响更大。
Objective To understand the incidence of low birth weight and analyze its risk factors in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the infants and children whose parents were born from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008 and their parents in each of the cities, towns and villages in Changzhou. Results A total of 6 225 people were surveyed, including 3 252 (52.24%) male and 2 973 (47.76%) female infants. The incidence of low birth weight (147) was 2.36% %) And mortality (4.76%) were significantly higher than those of normal weight group (0.11%, 0.28%) (all P <0.001); OR of malformations and deaths in infants and young children was lower than that of normal weight group CI) values were 15.92 (4.08 ~ 62.2) and 17.80 (7.15 ~ 44.4), respectively. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for low birth weight of infants were parity and premature birth, and the risk factors of low birth weight A parity, premature delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension and induced abortion. Conclusions Low birth weight is one of the most important risk factors for deformity and death in infants and toddlers in Changzhou. Fetal parity, premature birth, pregnancy induced hypertension and induced abortion are important risk factors for low birth weight. Pregnancy-induced hypertension Low birth weight infants greater impact.