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利用农艺性状、品质性状和RAPD分子标记对中国20份甘薯育成品种和20份地方品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:地方品种与育成品种农艺性状间均有较大的差异,除地上部性状差异较大外,育成品种产量和薯块干物率明显高于地方品种;地方品种的薯块可溶性糖含量、粗蛋白含量均高于育成品种,淀粉含量则低于育成品种。利用农艺性状和品质性状分别获得的育成品种聚类结果与已知品种的系谱吻合度较低,利用RAPD分子标记获得的育成品种聚类结果,与已知甘薯品种系谱图吻合度较高,说明利用RAPD分子标记手段可以更好地反映供试材料的亲缘关系。利用农艺性状和RAPD分子标记结果进行聚类,均表明地方品种中“四季种”和“保亭种”遗传距离最近;地方品种与中国主要育成品种遗传距离较远。在甘薯育种选配亲本时,以分子标记分析为主,辅以农艺性状、品质性状分析较为科学。
The genetic diversity of 20 sweetpotato cultivars and 20 local cultivars in China were analyzed using agronomic traits, quality traits and RAPD markers. The results showed that there were great differences between agronomic traits of local varieties and cultivars, and the yield of cultivated varieties and the dry matter yield of tubers were significantly higher than those of local cultivars, except that the aboveground traits varied greatly. The content of soluble sugar, Crude protein content were higher than the bred varieties, starch content was lower than bred varieties. The results of cluster analysis of the cultivars obtained by agronomic traits and quality traits were lower than those of the known cultivars. The clustering results of the cultivars obtained by RAPD markers were in good agreement with the pedigree of the sweetpotato cultivars The use of RAPD molecular markers can better reflect the genetic relationship of the tested materials. The clustering results of agronomic traits and RAPD molecular markers indicated that the genetic distance between “Four Seasons” and “Baoting” was the closest in local varieties and that between local varieties and the main cultivars in China was far. In sweet potato breeding optional parents, molecular marker analysis, supplemented by agronomic traits, quality traits analysis more scientific.