高性能碳纤维及其复合材料是近十多年来国际上迅速发展起来的,用于航天和航空技术上的一种新型材料。聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维是制造高性能碳纤维的重要原料。碳纤维的性能与所用PAN纤维的质量及生产碳纤维的工艺条件有密切的关系。特别是所用PAN纤维的织态结构(包括所有各级的超分子结构)及其缺陷对所制的碳纤维的结构和性能有很大影响。为制得高性能的碳纤维,必须尽可能去消除碳纤维表面和内部缺陷(这些缺陷限制了碳纤维的强度及强度的均匀性)。必须指出,PAN纤维的内部缺陷和一些外部缺陷往往将原封不动地保留在碳化后所得的碳纤维中,而且PAN纤 High-performance carbon fiber and its composite materials have developed rapidly in the past ten years in the world, and are used as a new type of material in aerospace and aviation technology. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers are important raw materials for the manufacture of high-performance carbon fibers. The performance of carbon fiber is closely related to the quality of PAN fiber used and the process conditions for producing carbon fiber. In particular, the woven structure of the PAN fibers used, including supramolecular structures at all levels and their defects, have a great influence on the structure and properties of the carbon fibers produced. In order to obtain high-performance carbon fibers, the surface and internal defects of carbon fibers must be eliminated as much as possible (these defects limit the strength and uniformity of the carbon fibers). It must be pointed out that the internal defects and some external defects of PAN fibers tend to remain intact in the carbon fibers obtained after carbonization and the PAN fibers