食管癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一,也是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一。主要症状包括吞咽困难和进行性体重减轻。治疗方式取决于原发肿瘤的位置、疾病分期、病人的身体情况和组织类型。早、中期肿瘤的外科切除是标准的治疗手段,尽管外科治疗和手术前后的放化疗都有了很大的进步,但总的生存率仍 Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and one of the deadliest malignancies. The main symptoms include dysphagia and progressive weight loss. The treatment depends on the location of the primary tumor, the stage of the disease, the patient’s physical condition and the type of tissue. Surgical resection of early and mid-term tumors is the standard treatment. Although surgical treatment and radiotherapy and chemotherapy before and after surgery have made great progress, the overall survival rate is still