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为实现峡谷中高拱坝表、中(深)孔无碰撞消能,需在坝身孔口布置中引入收缩式消能工,但表孔水头低,出口流速低,单一措施很难实现水舌纵向拉伸。对此,采用1∶50整体水工模型试验,通过设置三种表孔出口体型,研究了某高拱坝表孔水舌纵向拉伸方法。结果表明,除宽尾墩外,楔形体应用于高拱坝表孔也可实现水舌纵向拉伸;调整表孔底板坡度可为水舌纵向拉伸创造条件,对表孔底板出口进行一定尺寸透空可进一步纵向拉伸并稳定水舌;随着水舌纵向入水长度的增加,流量分布更均匀,水垫塘底板冲击压强峰值亦随之减小。
In order to realize collisionless energy dissipation of high arch dams and middle (deep) dams in the valley, shrinkage dissipators should be introduced into the orifice layout of the dam body. However, the head of the ditches is low and the outlet velocity is low. Longitudinal stretching. In this regard, the 1:50 overall hydraulic model test is used to study the longitudinal drawing method of the water tongue of a high arch dam by setting the exit form of the three kinds of watch holes. The results show that the wedge body can be longitudinally stretched when applied to the dams of high arch dams besides the flaring piers. Adjusting the slope of the bottom plate of the dashboard can create conditions for longitudinal stretching of the tongue, Through the air can be further longitudinal stretching and stabilizing the water tongue; with the length of water tongue longitudinal inflow, the flow distribution more evenly, the impact of plunge pool floor pressure peak also decreases.