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针对深井高应力软岩沿空留巷围岩大变形难题,通过现场调研、理论分析和相似模拟试验,分析了围岩特性、支护结构破坏形式及其破坏演化过程,并对围岩破坏机制和围岩控制技术进行了深入系统研究。结果表明:厚层泥岩低强度、软化吸水膨胀及其在强采动高应力状态下碎裂扩容、长期蠕变是围岩大变形的诱因;围岩变形破坏相对于巷道横截面铅垂和水平方向呈明显不对称状态;原有围岩支护系统没有形成一个完整承载结构,使支护体被各个击破,围岩破坏顺序:充填区域顶板破碎→充填体偏心受载压裂片落→巷内顶板急剧倾斜下沉→实体煤帮外鼓片帮,最终导致围岩失稳;提出顶板分区耦合支护和以充填区域顶板为关键纽带的“四位一体”围岩控制技术,该技术能够提高巷道整体稳定性,避免围岩局部破坏造成的支护结构失稳,保障巷道安全畅通。
Aiming at the large deformation problem of surrounding rock in gob-side entry retaining of high-stress soft rock in deep mine, the characteristics of surrounding rock, the failure form of the support structure and its failure evolution are analyzed through on-site investigation, theoretical analysis and similar simulation tests. And rock control technology conducted in-depth systematic study. The results show that the thick mudstone is low strength, softens and absorbs water, and expands and cracks under the condition of strong mining and high stress. The long-term creep is the inducement of large deformation of surrounding rock. The deformation and failure of the surrounding rock is relative to the vertical and horizontal The direction was obviously asymmetric; the original surrounding rock support system does not form a complete bearing structure, so that the support body was broken, the rock failure sequence: the top of the filling area is broken → backfilled by the filling body eccentric load off → Lane The top roof is rapidly tilted and subsided → the solid coal helps the outer drum to help and eventually lead to the instability of the surrounding rock. The “four-in-one” surrounding rock control technology is proposed, which is the coupling support of the roof and the roof of the filling area. Technology can improve the overall stability of the roadway to avoid the destabilization of the supporting structure caused by the local damage of the surrounding rock and ensure the safe and smooth roadway.