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视神经脊髓炎(NMO)是一种免疫介导的、以视神经和脊髓受累为主的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病,多以视神经炎和长节段横贯性脊髓炎为特征表现.目前,水通道蛋白4(AQP4)抗体被认为是NMO特异性生物标志物;然而,仍有10％ ～25％的NMO患者血清AQP4抗体为阴性,提示NMO免疫发病中还有其他因子参与.本文拟从AQP4、髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白、AQP1和胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体4个方面综述目前NMO生物标志物,为NMO的早期临床诊断、鉴别及治疗诊断提供帮助.“,”Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune,demyelinating disease of the central nervous system manifesting with optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG is currently regarded as a specific biomarker of NMO.Nevertheless,AQP4-IgG seronegativity in 10％-25％ of NMO patients suggests that there are several other factors involved in NMO immunopathogenesis.In this article,we reviewed current knowledge about biomarkers of NMO from AQP4,myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein,AQP1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein,providing a new insight in the diagnosis of NMO.