可持续发展思想的提出是20世纪80年代以来的事情。新古典经济学家与生态经济学家对可持续性的理解存在着很大的分歧。在达到可持续性方面,可以把生态经济学家的主要观点归纳为“五个性”,即对技术进步的悲观性;人创资本与自然资本之间关系的互补性;自然资本对人口与消费增长的限制性;留给子孙后代生态系统的相似性;政府干预较市场机制作用的有效性。可以认为,生态经济学家的以上观点基本上是可取的。 The idea of ​​sustainable development is the thing from the 1980s. Neo-classical economists and ecological economists have a great deal of disagreement about sustainability. In terms of achieving sustainability, the main ideas of eco-economists can be summarized as “five sexes”, ie pessimistic about technological progress; complementarities between human capital and natural capital; natural capital’s impact on population and consumption The restrictiveness of growth; the similarities of ecosystems left to future generations; and the effectiveness of government intervention over market mechanisms. It can be argued that the above point of view of eco-economists is basically desirable.