当前,国有企业在市场竞争中处于不利地位。这是因为,几十年来的计划经济管理体制,使国有企业,尤其是大中型企业背上了沉重的包袱,如大量的明亏、潜亏、挂帐,高额的流动资金和专款资金贷款利息,以及退休职工的医疗费、退休费支出等等。再加上国有企业与其它所有制企业在税负、留利、权力以及 At present, state-owned enterprises are at a disadvantage in market competition. This is because the planned economic management system for decades has caused state-owned enterprises, especially large and medium-sized ones, to bear heavy burdens, such as a large number of losses, hidden losses, debts, high liquidity, and loan interest on special funds. , as well as medical expenses and retirement expenses of retired employees. Together with state-owned enterprises and other ownership enterprises in tax liabilities, retained profits, and