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在钛和镍基超合金的等温锻造中,通常采用钼基合金模具,每付锻造装置的模具成本由模子本身的成本所决定,即包括模具原材料成本、制造成本以及模具的使用寿命。模具可能出现三种破坏方式:模具塑性变形、裂纹的萌生和长大以及模腔的磨损,这些破坏方式都限制了模具结构设计的灵活性和模具的使用寿命。本文用不同实例讨论了这三种破坏方式。也讨论了目前和今后模具材料的性能要求。所列举的实例包括有以塑性变形为主的模具结构例子以及以裂纹生长为限制因素的例子。比较了TZM、TZC和另一种发展中的ZHM合金的拉伸以及疲劳性能。讨论了TZM的裂纹萌生和生长,并以这些实验数据与IN100的测定数据进行了比较。IN100是一种在钛的等温锻造中常用来代替TZM的镍基合金模具材料。本文还讨论了上述实验结果及其推断。
In isothermal forging of titanium and nickel-based superalloys, molybdenum-based alloy molds are often used. The cost of the mold for each forging device is dictated by the cost of the mold itself, including the cost of the mold material, the cost of manufacturing, and the useful life of the mold. Mold may appear three kinds of damage: plastic mold deformation, crack initiation and growth and cavity wear and tear, these methods of destruction are limited mold design flexibility and mold life. This article discusses these three ways of destruction with different examples. Also discusses the current and future performance requirements of the mold material. Examples enumerated include examples of mold structures that are predominantly plastically deformed and those that limit crack growth as a limiting factor. Tensile and fatigue properties of TZM, TZC and another developing ZHM alloy were compared. The crack initiation and growth of TZM were discussed. The experimental data were compared with those of IN100. IN100 is a nickel-based alloy mold material commonly used to replace TZM in isothermal forging of titanium. This article also discussed the above experimental results and its inference.