文化指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财产和精神财富的总和。一般地,人们把文化划分为三个层次。第一个层次为器物层文化(又叫物质文化),第二个层次为制度文化(又称为行为文化),第三个层次为观念层文化(又叫精神文化)。其核心层为观念层文化。观念层文化的核心内容是价值观念,是一个社会中传统文化的原则和精神的体现。正如任继愈认为,文化“专指能够代表一个民族特点的精神成果”。 Culture refers to the sum of the material and spiritual wealth created in the historical practice of human society. In general, people divide culture into three levels. The first level is the utensil culture (also known as material culture), the second level is the institutional culture (also known as behavioral culture), the third level is the concept of layer culture (also known as spiritual culture). Its core layer is the concept layer culture. The concept of layer culture is the core value of the concept of value, is a society in the traditional culture of the principles and spirit of the embodiment. As Ren Jiyu believes, culture “specifically refers to the mental results that can represent a national character.”