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自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)是固有免疫中具有重要功能的细胞,在抗肿瘤和抗病毒反应以及免疫监视中发挥重要作用。NK细胞可表达多种抑制受体和激活受体,这两类受体的平衡调控NK细胞的杀伤功能。识别靶细胞上MHCⅠ类分子是NK细胞活化调节的关键,活化受体配体表达的增加及活化信号的转导,使得NK细胞激活并发挥效应。深入了解NK细胞受体与配体相互作用的机制及信号途径,将有助于开拓对感染性疾病和肿瘤进行基础研究和临床治疗的思路。
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are cells that have an important function in innate immunity and play an important role in antitumor and antiviral responses and immune surveillance. NK cells can express a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors, the balance of these two types of receptors regulate the killer function of NK cells. Recognition of MHC class I molecules on target cells is the key to the regulation of NK cell activation, activation of receptor ligand expression and activation signal transduction, making NK cells activate and play an effect. Deep understanding of the mechanism of NK cell receptor and ligand interaction and signaling pathways will help to develop ideas for basic research and clinical treatment of infectious diseases and tumors.