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由于煤层为弱各向异性介质,当煤体结构遭到一定程度的破坏时,煤层内生裂隙较为发育,此时地震波在煤层中传播时会表现出比较明显的各向异性特征.本文针对山西某矿宽方位采集的三维地震数据进行方位角道集抽取,处理得到六个不同方位的偏移数据体.针对不同方位的数据体,分别提取15煤层的振幅属性.同时,利用测井曲线约束分别进行波阻抗反演.利用不同方位的振幅属性和波阻抗信息,通过阻尼最小二乘法计算得到裂隙发育的相对密度值B/A及裂隙发育方向Φf.研究结果表明波阻抗的方位各向异性特征相对振幅属性更加明显,对裂隙的探测结果分辨率更高.且预测结果与钻孔资料吻合度较高,裂隙发育具有一定的构造倾向性.
Since the coal seam is a weakly anisotropic medium, when the structure of the coal body is destroyed to a certain extent, the endogenous fissures in the coal seam are more developed, and the seismic wave will show obvious anisotropy characteristics when it propagates in the coal seam. The azimuth gathers collected from three-dimensional seismic data acquired by the azimuth of a mine have been processed to obtain six different azimuths of offset data body.According to the different azimuths of the data body, the amplitude properties of 15 coal beds are respectively extracted.At the same time, And the wave impedance inversion is carried out.Using the amplitude properties and wave impedance information of different azimuths, the relative density value B / A of fissure development and the development direction of fissure Φf are calculated by damping least squares method.The results show that the azimuthal anisotropy of wave impedance The relative amplitude property is more obvious, and the resolution of the fissure is higher, and the predicted result is in good agreement with the borehole data, and the fissure development has a certain structural tendency.