结节性多动脉炎临床症状多样,常被误诊,治疗不当时,死亡率高。病人常死于心、肾功能衰竭或动脉瘤破裂,确诊后,及时采用类固醇类药物治疗,则预后较好。然临床及实验室缺乏有力的诊断依据,常直至术后或死后尸解方能确诊,使病人遭受不必要的手术痛苦,乃至丧失生命。本文报告一例,生前误诊为转移癌。并就病因及实验室诊断方面的问题,复习文献。病例报告患者女性,21岁,未婚。因咳嗽、心悸、气促十余年,加剧并呼吸困难两天入院。患者自动患“支气管哮喘,”入院前两天开始,痰中带血,并出现心悸、不能平 Polyarteritis nodosa clinical symptoms varied, often misdiagnosed, improper treatment, high mortality. Patients often die of heart, renal failure or aneurysm rupture, diagnosis, the timely use of steroid drugs, the prognosis is good. However, clinical and laboratory lack of strong diagnostic basis, often until postoperative or post-mortem autopsy can be diagnosed, so that patients suffer unnecessary surgical pain, and even lost their lives. This article reports a case of misdiagnosed as metastatic cancer before his death. And review the literature on causes and laboratory diagnoses. Case Report Patient Female, 21 years old, unmarried. Due to cough, heart palpitations, shortness of breath more than ten years, aggravating and difficulty breathing two days admitted. Patients with automatic “bronchial asthma, ” two days before admission, bloody sputum, and palpitations, can not be flat