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研究了氯化镁电解时液镁析出成相过程的机理和不同因素对液镁析出状态的影响。液镁析出过程是瞬时成核半球状三维生长过程。提高电流密度、提高电解温度和降低电解质中氯化镁浓度均能使液镁析出状态得到改善。利用反向电解技术进一步研究表明,镁的电流效率与液镁析出状态、液镁溶解速度和碱金属的析出有关。综合考虑,氯化镁电解宜采用尽可能低的MgCl_2浓度,适当高的电流密度和电解温度,以改善镁的析出状态,提高电流效率。
The mechanism of magnesium and magnesium precipitation during magnesium chloride electrolysis was studied. The effect of different factors on the precipitation of magnesium and magnesium was studied. Liquid magnesium precipitation process is instantaneous nucleation hemispherical three-dimensional growth process. Increasing the current density, increasing the electrolysis temperature and decreasing the concentration of magnesium chloride in the electrolyte can improve the state of liquid magnesium precipitation. Further studies using reverse electrolysis show that the current efficiency of magnesium is related to the state of liquid magnesium precipitation, the rate of liquid magnesium dissolution and the precipitation of alkali metals. Taken together, magnesium chloride electrolysis should adopt the lowest possible concentration of MgCl 2, appropriate high current density and electrolysis temperature to improve the precipitation of magnesium and improve the current efficiency.