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目的了解佳木斯市城乡小学生儿童忽视现况,比较城乡儿童忽视发生情况,为制定相应的预防措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取佳木斯市城区及农村各三所学校2 489名小学生,男女比例均衡,构成比为1∶1.06。采用“中国城区小学生忽视评价常模”及“中国农村小学生忽视评价常模”中规定的量表进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果城乡1~3年级的忽视率及忽视度为37.01%、52.56%和(42.97±7.59)、(48.01±8.69),4~6年级的忽视率及忽视度25.71%、53.25%和(43.62±8.97)、(47.15±9.92)。城乡小学生的忽视率(1~3年级:2=25.66,P<0.001;4~6年级:2=100.81,P<0.001)及忽视度(1~3年级:t=-9.58,P<0.001;4~6年级:t=-6.77,P<0.001)比较,农村高于城区;按性别划分,城乡男生忽视率(1~3年级:2=8.38,P=0.004;4~6年级:2=69.79,P<0.001)及忽视度(1~3年级:t=-7.12,P<0.001;4~6年级:t=-3.69,P<0.001)比较,农村高于城市,农村女生的忽视率(1~3年级:2=20.09,P<0.001;4~6年级:2=56.59,P<0.001)及忽视度(1~3年级组:t=-9.12,P<0.001;4~6年级组:t=-6.02,P<0.001)高于城区女生;仅1~3年级组情感忽视层面城乡小学生的忽视率间差异无统计学意义;农村男生的忽视率除1~3年级组情感层面外均高于城区男生;4~6年级组农村女生则除医疗忽视外,在其他层面忽视度均高于城区女生。结论佳木斯地区城乡小学生受忽视均较严重,且农村小学生受到的忽视频度及强度较大。社会各界应加强对小学生,尤其是对农村小学生的关注,从而预防儿童忽视的发生。
Objective To understand the status of neglect of children in urban and rural primary school in Jiamusi and compare the ignorance of children in urban and rural areas so as to provide basis for making corresponding preventive measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 2 489 primary school students from three schools in urban and rural areas of Jiamusi. The proportion of male to female was balanced with a ratio of 1: 1.06. The questionnaire was conducted by using the questionnaire “Neglecting the Assessment of Normal Students in Urban China” and “The Common Criteria of Neglecting Evaluation of Rural Primary Pupils in China”, and SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The ignorance and ignorance of grade 1 to grade 3 in urban and rural areas were 37.01%, 52.56% and (42.97 ± 7.59) and (48.01 ± 8.69) respectively. The neglect rates and neglect degrees in grades 4 to 6 were 25.71%, 53.25% and 43.62 ± 8.97), (47.15 ± 9.92). The neglect rate of primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas (grade 1 to grade 3: 2 = 25.66, P <0.001; grade 4 to 6: 2 = 100.81, P <0.001) and neglect (grade 1 to 3: (Grade 1 ~ 3: 2 = 8.38, P = 0.004; Grade 4 ~ 6), the difference was statistically significant (P0.01; Grade 4 to Grade 6: t = -6.77, P <0.001) : 2 = 69.79, P <0.001) and neglect degree (grade 1 to 3: t = -7.12, P <0.001; grade 4 to 6: t = -3.69, P <0.001) The neglect rate of girls (grades 1-3: 2 = 20.09, P <0.001; grades 4-6: 56.59, P <0.001) and neglect grades (grades 1-3: t = -9.12, P < (P <0.001) was higher than girls in urban areas; there was no significant difference in neglect rates among urban and rural Pupils in the level of neglect of affection only in grades 1 ~ 3; the neglect rate of rural boys Grade 3 and 6 were higher than urban boys in affective level. Rural girls in grades 4 and 6 were more neglected than girls in urban areas except for medical neglect. Conclusions Primary and secondary school students in Jiamusi district are more neglected, and the frequency and intensity of neglect in rural primary school students are greater. All sectors of society should step up their attention to primary school children, especially to primary school students in rural areas so as to prevent child neglect.