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在我国古代 ,专制主义政治体制是封建国家权力结构的基本形态 ,它通过君主集权驾驭着庞大的官僚体系 ,建立起与之相适应的官僚制度 ,君臣之间以相对稳定的权力占有及权力制衡关系共同操纵与控制着封建政治的运行。但是政治运行必须在既定的规则下方能得以实现 ,换言之 ,就君主而言 ,他在实施专制政治的时候 ,必须要保证其个人的意志要与普遍原则的体系共存 ;就官僚而言 ,他们是被置于成文法规的制约下从事政治活动的。因而 ,由政治体制、政治制度等构建的政治机制 ,是政治运行的重要保障 ,它将政治运行置于有序的规则程序中 ,而支持这种有序运行的内在因素 ,是渗透于国家法规、制度以及统治者思想中的政治文化。每一时代都有支配政治的文化。在中国传统文化中 ,儒家、法家与道家的思想历来被视为封建政治文化的重要内涵 ,特别是儒家文化 ,当它在天人合一、君权神授的解释下被赋予了官方文化的政治地位之后 ,它便完全成为封建政治的灵魂 ,在整个封建社会的政治运行过程中起着极其重要的指导作用。因而 ,在这一意义上 ,政治运行的过程也即文化的运行与传承过程。在政治运行中 ,作为掌握政治命运的权力人物即君主与官僚 ,他们既是政治活动的主体 ,也是文化的载体 ,他们的任何政治行为都是一个政治运行的过?
In ancient China, the authoritarian political system was the basic form of the feudal state power structure. It controlled a huge bureaucratic system through monarchy, set up a bureaucratic system that was compatible with it, and maintained a relatively stable power and balance of power between monarch and minister Relationships Manipulate and Control the Operation of Feudal Politics Together. However, the political operation must be carried out under the established rules. In other words, in the case of the monarch, he must ensure that his individual will coexist with a system of universal principles when it comes to authoritarian politics. In the case of bureaucrats, they are Was placed under the constraints of statutory regulations engaged in political activities. Therefore, the political mechanism constructed by the political system and the political system is an important guarantee for the political operation. It places the political operation in an orderly procedure of rules. The intrinsic factor that supports this kind of orderly operation is the infiltration into the national laws and regulations , The system and the political culture in the ruler’s mind. Each era has a dominant political culture. In traditional Chinese culture, the Confucianist, legalist and Taoist ideology has always been regarded as an important connotation of feudal political culture. In particular, Confucianism, when it is given the official culture of politics under the interpretation of the unity of man and nature, After that, it completely became the soul of feudal politics and played an extremely important guiding role in the political operation of the entire feudal society. Therefore, in this sense, the process of political operation is also the process of cultural operation and inheritance. In political operation, as the power figure who masters political destiny, monarchs and bureaucrats, they are not only the main body of political activities but also the carriers of culture. Any of their political actions is a political one?