碳氢化合物的生产一般都有水产出。这种产出水一般是由地层水和先前注入到地层中的注入水组成的。随着更多的油产出,水的产出量也在增加。但是,产出水根本没有太大的商业价值;因此,一定要找到一些方法来处理大量的产出水。这种方法应该是环境能够接受的,同时花费也要最少。有一种处理产出水的方法是把井产出水重新注入地层。用这种方法还可以维持地层压力或提高原油采收率。但在这一重新注入的过程中一项非常重要和困难的工作是预测水的质量对井注入能力的影响。根据沉淀机理,产出水中的悬浮颗粒和油滴仍然会残留在地层中。作为地层损害研究的一部分,悬浮在水中不同浓度的赤铁矿颗粒被注入到残余油饱和的砂岩岩心样本里。测试了剩余油对滤失系数λ和地层损害系数β的影响。油的存在导致更严重的损害(渗透率的减少)。而且砂岩岩心在剩余油饱和的情况下比在100%盐水饱和的情况下产生更深的滤失。 Hydrocarbon production generally has aquatic products. This produced water is generally composed of formation water and injected water previously injected into the formation. As more oil is produced, water output is also rising. However, produced water does not have much commercial value at all; therefore, it is important to find ways to handle large volumes of produced water. This method should be acceptable to the environment with the least cost. One way of dealing with produced water is to reinject well produced water into the formation. This method can also be used to maintain formation pressure or enhance oil recovery. However, a very important and difficult task in this reinjection process is to predict the impact of water quality on well injection capabilities. According to the sedimentation mechanism, the suspended particles and oil droplets in the produced water still remain in the formation. As part of a stratigraphic damage study, different concentrations of hematite particles suspended in water were injected into a sample of sandstone cores with residual oil saturation. The effects of residual oil on the loss coefficient λ and formation damage coefficient β were tested. The presence of oil leads to more serious damage (reduction of permeability). And sandstone cores produce deeper fluid loss with more residual oil than saturated with 100% brine.