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麦克白与亡命旷野的犹太人惊人地相似。他过度地相信自己的“被拣选”,过度地盲从于“他自己的”神意,以至于把整个世界都看成他的对立物。他不具备与世界共处的习性,也没有能力进入这个世界,并与这个世界按照这个世界所认可的自然方式结成友谊。他和世界的唯一关系仅仅是通由暴政所实施的统治,而暴政恰恰表明他没有能力去统治。由于与整个世界的普遍对立,麦克白达到了一种几乎是绝对意义上的独立,一种以流血和死亡所保证的独立。然而,这只是一种暴君式的独立,它在这个世界不可能持久,因为它违背了这个世界的自然。麦克白的悲剧不是古典希腊式的悲剧,它不能唤起人的“恐惧”与“怜悯”,因为这两种情感的源头来自高贵的人物和优秀的人生;麦克白既不高贵又不优秀,他的悲剧仅仅唤起憎恶。
Macbeth is strikingly similar to the Jews in the wilderness. He over-believes his “being chosen” and excessively blinds himself to “his own” divine nature, so that the whole world can be regarded as his counterpart. He does not have the habit of coexistence with the world nor does he have the ability to enter the world and to form friendships with the world in accordance with the natural ways recognized by the world. His only relationship with the rest of the world is simply domination by tyranny, which just shows that he is incapable of rule. Because of its general opposition to the entire world, Macbeth achieved an almost absolute independence, an independence guaranteed by bloodshed and death. However, this is only a tyrant-type independence and it can not last forever in this world because it runs counter to the nature of this world. Macbeth’s tragedy is not a classical Greek tragedy, it can not arouse people’s “fear” and “compassion”, because the source of these two emotions from noble figures and excellent life; Macbeth is neither noble nor good, he The tragedy only arouses disgust.