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目的比较微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL)和后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy,RLUL)治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法对72例单侧嵌顿性输尿管上段结石采用MPCNL(45例)或RLUL(27例)治疗,对比2组手术时间、结石清除率和术后高热(〉38.5℃)率。结果72例手术全部成功,手术时间MPCNL组短于RLUL组[(43