目的:探讨与小于胎龄儿出生相关的围产期高危因素。方法:对2008年8月~2010年7月在儿科新生儿病房住院的71例小于胎龄儿进行回顾性调查和统计学分析,研究与小于胎龄儿发生可能有关的各种危险因素。结果:①位于前3位的相关致病因素分别是孕母患妊娠期高血压疾病、患儿风疹病毒IgM阳性以及孕母文化水平较低;②在风疹病毒IgM阳性及阴性两组患儿中,出生体重、头围、重量指数、身长/头围以及先天畸形发生率的差异均无统计学意义;③部分风疹病毒IgG阳性孕妇可再次受到感染,有可能对胎儿造成损害。结论:积极治疗孕母疾病,加强产前保健,减少围产期相关高危因素是降低小于胎龄儿出生的关键。 Aims: To investigate the perinatal risk factors associated with the birth of small gestational age children. Methods: Retrospective investigation and statistical analysis of 71 small gestational age children hospitalized in pediatric neonatal ward from August 2008 to July 2010 were conducted to study various risk factors that may be related to the occurrence of small gestational age children. Results: ①The risk factors of gestational hypertension in the first three pregnancies were gestational hypertension, IgM positive in children with rubella virus and low cultural level in pregnant women; ②In children with both IgM positive and negative rubella virus , Birth weight, head circumference, weight index, length / head circumference and the incidence of congenital malformations were not statistically significant; ③ some rubella virus IgG positive pregnant women may be infected again, may cause damage to the fetus. Conclusion: Active treatment of maternal disease, strengthening prenatal care, reducing perinatal high-risk factors are the key to reducing the birth of infants less gestational age.