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目的:分析某三甲医院低、高年龄组儿童的近视性屈光参差检出情况，为近视的健康宣教提供理论依据。方法:选取2020年10—12月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科近视门诊诊治的217例患儿。按照年龄分为低年龄组（5~9岁，127例）和高年龄组（10~14岁，90例）。记录受试者左右眼等效球镜（SE）的差值，将SE差值≥1.00 D定义为屈光参差。采用非参数检验比较两组SE差值的区别，采用χn 2检验比较两组性别和屈光参差检出率的差别，采用多重线性回归分析年龄、性别、眼轴差值对SE差值的影响。n 结果:双眼SE差值在低年龄组中为0.25（0.00~0.50）D，高年龄组中为0.50（0.22~0.75）D，两组比较差异有统计学意义（n Z=2.75，n P=0.006）。屈光参差在低年龄组中的检出率为9.45%，在高年龄组中的检出率为20.00%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（χn 2=4.92，n P=0.027）。年龄对SE差值具有显著作用，随着年龄增加，双眼的SE差值增加为0.04 D/年（95%n CI：0.007~0.080，n P=0.020）；双眼眼轴差值对SE差值具有显著作用，眼轴差值每增加1 mm，SE差值增加为0.03 D（95%n CI：0.004~0.060，n P=0.024）；性别对双眼SE差值无影响（n P=0.382）。n 结论:随着年龄增长，患儿双眼的屈光差值明显增加，尤其10岁以上屈光参差发生率高于10岁以下，提示在眼科临床中要重视屈光参差的发生，以促进儿童青少年屈光参差的早发现、早干预和早控制。“,”Objective:To analyze the detection of myopic anisometropia in children of low and high age groups in a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital to provide a theoretical basis for health promotion and education of myopia.Methods:A total of 217 children with myopia who were treated in the Ophthalmology Myopia Clinic of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected from October to December 2020. According to age, they were divided into the low-age group (5-9 years old, 127 cases) and the high-age group (10-14 years old, 90 cases). The difference of spherical equivalent (SE) between left and right eyes of subjects was recorded, and the SE difference greater than or equal to 1.00d was defined as anisometropia. Non-parametric test was used to compare the difference of SE between the two groups, χ n 2 test was used to compare the difference of gender and anisometropia detection rate between the two groups and multiple linear regression was used to analyze effects of age, gender and ocular axis difference on SE difference.n Results:The binocular SE difference was 0.25 (0.00-0.50) D in the low age group and 0.50 (0.22-0.75) D in the high age group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (n Z=2.75, n P=0.006). The detection rates of anisometropia in the low-age group and the high-age group were respectively 9.45% and 20.00%, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χn 2=4.92, n P=0.027). Age had a significant effect on the SE difference. With the increase of age, the SE difference of both eyes increased 0.04 D/year (95%n CI: 0.007-0.080, n P=0.020). The binocular axial difference has a significant effect on the SE difference. For every 1 mm increased in the axial difference, the SE difference increased by 0.03 D (95%n CI: 0.004-0.060, n P=0.024). Gender had no effect on binocular SE difference (n P=0.382) .n Conclusions:With the increase of age, the refractive difference of both eyes increases significantly, especially the incidence of anisometropia over 10 years old is higher than that under 10 years old. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the occurrence of anisometropia in ophthalmology clinic, and to promote the early detection, intervention and control of anisometropia in children and adolescents.