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【目的】研究手足口病患儿机体免疫功能变化及血清细胞因子水平的变化情况并探讨其临床意义。【方法】2012年11月至2014年10月本院收治的手足口病患儿325例，根据病情分为普通型组（165例）和重型组（160例），以同期门诊健康体检小儿50例作为正常对照组，检测比较血液中 T淋巴细胞（CD3＋）、NK细胞（CD16＋56＋），B淋巴细胞（CD19＋）百分比及细胞因子[肿瘤坏死因子‐α（TNF‐α）、γ干扰素（IFN‐γ）、白细胞介素‐4（IL‐4）、IL‐6、人转化生长因子β（T G F‐β）、IL‐17]的含量。【结果】手足口病患儿尤其重型组患儿血清中CD3＋、CD16＋56＋百分比较正常对照组下降，且差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05），CD19＋百分比升高，且差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）；与正常对照组比较促炎因子（TNF‐α、IL‐6、IFN‐γ、IL‐17）含量在普通型组和重型组均有不同程度升高（P ＜0．05），以重型组升高更明显，其与普通型组相比较差异具有显著性（P ＜0．05）；普通型组和重型组抗炎因子（IL‐4、TGF‐β1）水平较正常对照组升高（ P ＜0．05），重型和普通型患儿之间相比较差异无显著性（ P ＞0．05）。【结论】手足口病患儿存在免疫功能紊乱，并存在抗炎‐促炎机制失衡，其水平变化可能是重症手足口病患儿发病的重要原因之一。“,”Objective] To explore the changes of immune function and cytokines in hand ,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) .[Methods] A total of 325 HFMD patients were divided into severe and common groups at our hospital from November 2012 to October 2014 .At the Same time ,another 50 healthy children were recrui‐ted as controls .The levels of T cell subgroups (CD3+ ,CD16+56+ & CD19+ ) and cytokines (TNF‐α,IFN‐γ ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,TGF‐β & IL‐17) were detected for all three groups .[Results] The percentages of T lympho‐cytes (CD3+ ) and NK cells (CD16+56+ ) decreased in HFMD patients versus those in controls ( P<0 .05) , especially severe cases .However ,B lymphocyte (CD19+ ) was just the opposite ( P <0 .05) .The levels of TNF‐α,IL‐6 ,IFN‐γand IL‐17 in HFMD patients were higher than those of controls ( P <0 .05) ,especially severe cases .The levels of IL‐4 and TGF‐β1 in were higher HFMD patients than those in controls ( P 0 .05) .[Conclusion] Immune function disorder is present in HFMD patients .And inflammatory‐antiinflammatory mechanism disturbance may play an important role in the development of severe HFMD .