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目的探讨营养干预对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇膳食质量的影响。方法选取2014年7-12月于湖南省妇幼保健院营养门诊首次进行营养咨询并接受营养干预的新患妊娠期糖尿病孕妇,共获得232例。采用孕妇膳食平衡指数DBI评分系统评价和比较营养干预对GDM孕妇膳食质量的影响。结果妊娠期糖尿病孕妇谷类食物、蔬菜水果摄入过量(DBI分别为3.29、-1.01),动物性食物、奶类和豆类、含铁丰富的食物、食物种类摄入不足(DBI分别为-7.31、-4.10、-3.32、-5.42)。接受营养干预后,GDM孕妇的膳食质量有较大改善,谷类食物、蔬菜水果摄入减少(DBI分别为0.98、-1.92),动物性食物、奶类和豆类、含铁丰富的食物、食物种类摄入增多(DBI分别为-2.01、-1.34、-1.84、0.78);从膳食质量状况的指标来看,负端分(LBS)从(16.5±5.9)下降到(9.1±3.2)(P<0.05)、正端分(HBS)从(4.4±2.8)下降到(2.6±2.0)(P<0.05)、膳食质量距(DQD)从(18.6±6.2)下降到(14.3±4.8)(P<0.05)。结论合理的营养干预能有效改善妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的膳食质量。
Objective To investigate the effect of nutritional intervention on the dietary quality of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: A total of 232 pregnant women with gestational diabetes during the first nutrition consultation and nutritional intervention in nutrition clinics of MCH from July 2014 to December 2014 were selected. The use of DBI score system of pregnant women diet balance index to evaluate and compare nutritional effects on dietary quality of GDM pregnant women. Results Pregnant women with gestational diabetes had overdose of cereals, fruits and vegetables (DBI = 3.29, -1.01 respectively), animal foods, milk and beans, iron-rich foods, and food intake (DBI -7.31 , -4.10, -3.32, -5.42). After receiving nutritional intervention, the diet quality of pregnant women with GDM improved greatly. The intake of cereals, fruits and vegetables decreased (DBI 0.98, -1.92 respectively), animal foods, milk and beans, iron-rich foods, food (DBI = -2.01, -1.34, -1.84, 0.78, respectively). According to the indicators of dietary quality, the negative end point (LBS) decreased from (16.5 ± 5.9) to (9.1 ± 3.2) (P <0.05). The mean HBS decreased from (4.4 ± 2.8) to (2.6 ± 2.0) and the mean quality of life (DQD) decreased from (18.6 ± 6.2) to (14.3 ± 4.8) <0.05). Conclusion Reasonable nutrition intervention can effectively improve the quality of diet of pregnant women with gestational diabetes.