张库商道,南起张家口,北至库伦城(今乌兰巴托),后延伸到北部边城恰克图,是明清时代我国北方的一条重要国际商路。活跃在张库商道上的旅蒙商,在联系内地与边疆地区经济活动中,起过极为重要的作用。两者相伴始终,历时三百余年。考察其兴衰历史,弄清它的来龙去脉,对研究蒙汉以及中俄经济文化交流史和交通史,均有重要意义。对此重要题目,多年来历史学者鲜有踄足。本文就张库商道的兴衰,旅蒙商的组织和经营活动以及它们的历史作用,做一初步探讨,抛砖引玉,以冀对这一课题的研究更深入地开展。 Zhangku Commercial Road, starting from Zhangjiakou in the south, to the city of Kulun (now Ulan Bator) in the north and then to the northern border town of Qiake Tu, is an important international commercial route in the north of our country during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The enterprisers who are active in the business of Zhangku have played an extremely important role in the economic activities of the Mainland and the border areas. Accompanied by both, lasted three hundred years. It is of great significance to study the rise and fall of history and understand the ins and outs of its history and to study Mongolian and Chinese as well as the history of economic and cultural exchanges and traffic between China and Russia. For this important subject, historians rarely overwhelmed. This article makes a preliminary discussion on the rise and fall of Zhangkuo merchant road, the organization and management activities of the tourism merchants and their historic functions, starts the discussion with great enthusiasm, and hopes to conduct further research on this subject.