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针对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡地作物普遍存在的干旱缺水与水土流失问题,基于作物需水过程和降雨径流调控理念,利用WEPP模型对不同梯田模式下春玉米生育期的降雨、径流、入渗、蒸发、土壤水进行作物生育期需水耗水过程计算。结果表明:研究条件下,单一模式隔坡梯田不能完全解决春玉米需水与天然来水在时间上的错位问题,且一般情况下需要1∶6～1∶8平坡比收集降雨径流,土地资源浪费严重;结合水窖,不但能大量节约土地资源、满足作物需水,且隔坡梯田作物年产量、作物水分利用效率和降水利用效率较无隔坡条件均增加50%以上,基本实现作物增产和减少水土流失的双重目标;得出的典型模式隔坡梯田平坡比取值参考表可供黄土丘陵沟壑区隔坡梯田设计规划参考。在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,隔坡梯田与水窖蓄水配合,不但可满足作物生长过程需水,而且又可防止水土流失,是适宜推广的坡地降雨径流调控方式,这对坡地水土资源高效利用具有实际指导意义。
Based on the concept of crop water requirement and rainfall runoff regulation, aiming at the problems of drought and water loss and soil erosion in slop lands in hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, the WEPP model was used to analyze the effects of rainfall, runoff, infiltration, Evaporation, soil water during crop growth period water demand and water calculation. The results show that the single-mode terraced terraces can not completely solve the time-mismatch problem between spring maize water and natural spring water under the conditions of the study. In general, rainfall-runoff needs to be collected at a ratio of 1: 6 to 1: 8 and the land Resource waste is serious. Combining with the water cellar, not only can save a large amount of land resources to meet crop water requirements, but also increase crop annual yield, crop water use efficiency and precipitation efficiency more than 50% Yield and reduce soil and water loss; the typical model slope slope slope than the value of the reference table is available for loess hill gully partition terrace design and planning reference. In the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, the interval terraces and cofferdam water storage can not only meet the demand of water for crop growth, but also prevent soil erosion, which is suitable for slope slope runoff regulation and control. Practical significance.