论文部分内容阅读
[目的]分析宜昌市病毒性乙型肝炎流行现状,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]采用描述流行病学方法对1997~2006年病毒性乙型肝炎发病情况和流行特征进行统计与分析。[结果]10年间,该市乙肝报告发病率波动在40.08/10万~85.31/10万之间,年均发病率为57.40/10万,报告发病数、报告发病率大致呈逐年上升趋势。全年均有发病,季节性不明显;城市发病率明显高于农村;年龄以青壮年为主,男性多于女性;职业分布以农民、工人、干部职员为主。[结论]应加强青壮年组乙肝防治措施,尤其应加强流动人口较多的城市地区的防治措施;今后在实施新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫的同时,应考虑开展对未接种过乙肝疫苗的儿童和重点人群进行乙肝疫苗免疫;开展和加强乙肝监测,尤其是重点人群的预防和监测工作;提高乙肝疫苗接种率;加强血液制品的监督管理,重视安全注射,开展宣传教育,以有效控制乙肝流行。
[Objective] To analyze the epidemic status of viral hepatitis B in Yichang and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and cure measures. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze and analyze the incidence and epidemic characteristics of viral hepatitis B from 1997 to 2006. [Results] The incidence of hepatitis B in the city fluctuated between 40.08 / 105 and 85.31 / 100,000 in 10 years with an average annual incidence rate of 57.40 / 100,000. The number of reported cases and the reported incidence showed a trend of increasing year by year. The incidence was not obvious in the whole year; the incidence rate in urban area was significantly higher than that in rural areas; the age was dominated by young adults and more men than women; and the distribution of occupations was dominated by peasants, workers and cadres. [Conclusion] Prevention and treatment of hepatitis B should be strengthened in young and middle-aged adults, especially in urban areas where there are more floating population. In the future, when implementing new-borns hepatitis B vaccine immunization, The population should be immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B surveillance should be carried out and strengthened, especially prevention and surveillance of key populations. Hepatitis B vaccination rate should be raised. Supervision and administration of blood products should be strengthened. Safety injections should be emphasized and publicity and education should be conducted to effectively control hepatitis B epidemic.