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通过种植了 2 5季的长期定位试验研究了稻麦轮作条件下不同土壤耕作方式和培肥制度对土壤供氮能力的影响。结果表明 ,不论免耕还是耕翻 ,0～ 5cm土壤的氮素释放均较持久 ,5～15cm土壤的氮素释放耕翻较免耕持久。休闲的 0～ 5cm土壤在免耕条件下其氮素矿化势和短期矿化氮量均远远高于耕翻 ,5～ 15cm和 15～ 30cm土壤在免耕和耕翻间则相差不大。施肥的3个处理 0～ 5cm土壤氮素矿化势和短期矿化氮量有免耕高于耕翻的趋势 ,而 5～ 15cm土层免耕明显低于耕翻 ,15～ 30cm土壤免耕与耕翻没有差异。有机肥与化肥配施的免耕与耕翻土壤中 2 5季作物吸氮量几乎无差异 ,不施肥和单施化肥处理的免耕土壤中作物吸氮量低于耕翻土壤。免耕条件下 ,有机肥配施化肥土壤的供氮能力仅低于休闲土壤 ,不施肥土壤最低 ;耕翻条件下 ,有机肥配施化肥土壤的供氮能力最高。各培肥处理间的差异主要表现在 0～ 5cm土层。
The effects of different tillage systems and fertilization systems on soil nitrogen supply were studied by long-term experiment of planting 25 seasons. The results showed that the nitrogen release of 0 ~ 5cm soil was longer than that of no-tillage or tillage, and the nitrogen release tillage of 5 ~ 15cm soil was longer than that of no-tillage. The nitrogen mineralization potential and the short-term mineralized nitrogen of 0 ~ 5cm soil were significantly higher than that of tillage under no-tillage conditions, while there was no significant difference between no-tillage and tillage under 5 ~ 15cm and 15 ~ 30cm soil . In the three treatments of fertilization, the nitrogen mineralization potential and the short-term mineralized nitrogen in 0-5cm soil had the tendency of no-till higher than that of tillage, but no-tillage in 5-15cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of tillage, 15-30cm soil no- There is no difference with plowing. There was almost no difference in nitrogen uptake of 25 crops between no-tillage and tillage soils applied with organic manure and chemical fertilizers. The nitrogen uptake of non-tillage soil without fertilizers and chemical fertilizers was lower than that of tillage soils. Under no-tillage conditions, the available nitrogen supply capacity of organic fertilizer with fertilizers was only lower than that of recreational soils, and the lowest of non-fertilized soils. The differences between fertilization treatments mainly in the 0 ~ 5cm soil layer.