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目的:探讨心理弹性因素在社区老年人衰弱和抑郁之间的中介和调节作用。方法:采用简版老年抑郁量表、Tilburg衰弱量表和心理弹性量表简版对871名社区老年人进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 22.0及AMOS 24.0软件，进行描述性分析、相关分析、结构方程模型和层次回归分析。结果:(1)社区老年人衰弱[(3.72±2.89)分]与抑郁[(2.63±2.57)分]呈显著正相关(n r＝0.16～0.58，均n P<0.01)，心理弹性[(28.24±6.80)分]与衰弱和抑郁均呈显著负相关(n r＝-0.10～-0.49，均n P<0.01)，衰弱预测老年抑郁总变异量的35%；(2)心理弹性在衰弱和抑郁之间部分中介效应显著，间接效应为0.10，占总效应的12.66%；(3)心理弹性可调节衰弱和老年抑郁之间的关系(n β＝-0.12，n t＝-4.11，n R2＝0.41，n P<0.001)，低心理弹性水平的老年人其衰弱对抑郁的预测作用更强(斜率＝0.50，n t＝14.73，n R2＝0.01，n P<0.001)。n 结论:社区老年人衰弱与抑郁关系密切，心理弹性在衰弱与抑郁关系中起部分中介作用和调节作用。“,”Objective:To investigate the mediating and moderating effects of resilience on frailty and depression in the community-dwelling old adults.Methods:Totally 871 community-dwelling old adults chosen from different communities were investigated by the geriatric depression scale, Tilburg frailty indicator and 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale.SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for data analysis, including descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis.Results:(1)The score of frailty (3.72±2.89)was positively correlated with the score of depression (2.63±2.57, n r=0.16-0.58, n P<0.01). The score of resilience(28.24±6.80) was negatively correlated with the score of frailty and depression (n r=-0.10~-0.49, both n P<0.01), and frailty predicted 35% of the total variation of depression in the elderly.(2)The mediating effect of resilience was significant and the indirect effect was 0.10, accounting for 12.66% of the total variance.(3) Resilience moderated the relationship between frailty and depression (n β=-0.12, n t=-4.11, n R2=0.41, n P<0.001). The frailty of old adults with lower resilience played a stronger predictive role in depression (simple slope=0.50,n t=14.73, n R2=0.01, n P<0.001).n Conclusion:There is a close relationship between frailty and depression in the community-dwelling older adults, and resilience plays both mediating and moderating role in the relationship.