很长时间以来,学术界针对元、明、清时期西藏社会政治制度的性质争议颇多。总体而言,中国历史学界照搬了中世纪欧洲“政教合一”之说。但这一说法没有从西藏地方历史的实际情况出发,真实反映元、明、清时期西藏地方政教关系的实质。尽管宗教与政治有着千丝万缕的联系,但仍未达到“合一”的程度。就其政教关系而言,“政教联合”一说更能反映西藏地方政教关系的实质。 For a long time, academic circles have been quite controversial about the nature of Tibet’s social and political system during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In general, Chinese historians have copied the medieval European “unity of religion and state”. However, this statement does not proceed from the actual conditions in the local history of Tibet, and truly reflects the essence of the local church-state relationship in Tibet in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although religions and politics are inextricably linked, they have not reached the level of unity. As far as its relationship between politics and religion is concerned, the “unity of religion and religion” can better reflect the essence of the relationship between church and state in Tibet.