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众所周知,低温下在钙的碳酸盐的结构中类质同象置换是非常有限的。在方解石中交代Ca的有Mn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、少量的Zn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)。在文石中有Sr~(2+)和pb~(2+),以及Ba~(2+)。在白云石和菱铁矿中可以含Mn~(2+),而其它阳离子极少。阴离子PO_4~(3-)、BO_4~(3-)的类质同象置换同样是非常有限的。这些情况,以及在非常纯的(例如礁)碳酸盐中缺乏杂质元素的现象曾形成一个概念,即除了碳酸盐中的Mn~(2+)、Sr~(2+),有时还有铁外,碳酸盐中非碳酸盐组分是杂质元素的载体。这个观点反映在Graf D.L.编辑的著作和其他许多著作中。
It is well known that isoptic displacement is very limited in the structure of calcium carbonate at low temperatures. In the calcite, Ca2 +, Fe2 +, Mg2 +, a small amount of Zn2 +, Co2 +, Ni2 + . There are Sr ~ (2+) and Pb ~ (2+) and Ba ~ (2+) in aragonite. In dolomite and siderite can contain Mn ~ (2+), while very few other cations. Anion isotropic PO_4 ~ (3 -), BO_4 ~ (3-) isomorphism is also very limited. These conditions, as well as the lack of impurity elements in very pure (eg reef) carbonate, have led to the notion that in addition to Mn2 +, Sr2 +, and sometimes In addition to iron, the carbonate non-carbonate component is a carrier of impurity elements. This view is reflected in the work of Graf D.L. and many other books.