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紧急状态下保护公民的基本权利在现代宪法学理论中凸显出重要价值,这首先要求对紧急状态的概念做出界定。从公民基本权利保障同维护国家安全、公共利益的冲突上看,紧急状态下限制公民基本权利具有正当性,但这种限制是危险的,必须从保护公民基本权利的重要性出发,划定保护的范围,即哪些权利必须保护,设置保障的最低标准,以及规定法律保留与比例原则的保护原则。
The fundamental rights to protect citizens in emergencies highlight important values in modern constitutional theory, which first require a definition of the concept of emergency. Judging from the conflict between the protection of basic rights of citizens and the maintenance of national security and the public interest, it is justified to limit the basic rights of citizens under emergency situations. However, such restrictions are dangerous. Therefore, protection must be defined from the importance of protecting citizens’ basic rights The scope of what rights must be protected, the minimum standards for safeguards and the principle of protection that prescribes the principle of legal reservations and proportionality.